UNIT 7: ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
Organizational structure is a diagram that tell us what is the position and responsibility of employees, manager, etc within an organization.
EXAMPLE OF ORGANIZATION CHARTS
The most important features are as follows:
+ It is a hierarchy. This means that there are different levels in the organization. Each level has a different degree of authority.
+ It is organized into departments. Each department has a particular job and function.
+ As there are different levels of management, there is a chain of command.
+ It is a hierarchy. This means that there are different levels in the organization. Each level has a different degree of authority.
+ It is organized into departments. Each department has a particular job and function.
+ As there are different levels of management, there is a chain of command.
Chain of command is the structure in organization which allows instructions to be passed down senior management to lower levels of management.
Advantages of the organization chart:
+ The chart shows how everybody is linked together in the organization.
+ Everyone can see their position in the organization.
+ It shows the links and relationship between different departments within the organization.
+ Everyone is in a department and this gives them sense of belonging.
+ The chart shows how everybody is linked together in the organization.
+ Everyone can see their position in the organization.
+ It shows the links and relationship between different departments within the organization.
+ Everyone is in a department and this gives them sense of belonging.
The span of control is the number of subordinates working directly under a manager.
Look at the two organization charts below. There are two essential differences between them:
+ Business A has a tall structure and a long chain of command.
+ Business B has a wide structure and short chain of command.
Look at the two organization charts below. There are two essential differences between them:
+ Business A has a tall structure and a long chain of command.
+ Business B has a wide structure and short chain of command.
Advantages of short chains of command:
+ Communication is quicker and more accurate.
+ Top managers are less remote control from the lower level of the hierarchy.
+ Spans of control will be wider. This means that each manager is responsibility for more subordinates:
. If superiors have more people to manager, it will encourage managers to delegate more.
. There will less direct control of each worker and they will feel more trusted.
=> If managers are poorly trained, the subordinates could make many mistakes.
+ Communication is quicker and more accurate.
+ Top managers are less remote control from the lower level of the hierarchy.
+ Spans of control will be wider. This means that each manager is responsibility for more subordinates:
. If superiors have more people to manager, it will encourage managers to delegate more.
. There will less direct control of each worker and they will feel more trusted.
=> If managers are poorly trained, the subordinates could make many mistakes.
Line managers have direct responsibility over people below them in the hierarchy of an organization.
Staff managers are specialists who provide support, information and assistance to line manager.
Staff managers are specialists who provide support, information and assistance to line manager.
The role of management
PLANNING
Planning for the future of the organization involves setting aims or targets.
In addition to those aims, a manger must also for the resources which will be needed.
Planning for the future of the organization involves setting aims or targets.
In addition to those aims, a manger must also for the resources which will be needed.
ORGANIZING
A manager cannot do anything so the tasks must be delegated to others in the organization.
The manager's responsibility to organize people and resources effectively.
An effective manager will organize people and resources very carefully indeed.
A manager cannot do anything so the tasks must be delegated to others in the organization.
The manager's responsibility to organize people and resources effectively.
An effective manager will organize people and resources very carefully indeed.
COORDINATING
Coordinating means 'bringing together'
A good manager will therefore make sure that all departments in the organization work together to achieve the plans originally set by the manager.
Coordinating means 'bringing together'
A good manager will therefore make sure that all departments in the organization work together to achieve the plans originally set by the manager.
COMMANDING
The task of management is more concerned with guiding, leading and supervising people than just telling them what to do-although this may be important too.
Managers have to make sure that all supervisors and workers are keeping to targets and deadlines.
The task of management is more concerned with guiding, leading and supervising people than just telling them what to do-although this may be important too.
Managers have to make sure that all supervisors and workers are keeping to targets and deadlines.
CONTROLLING
Controlling is the action that we want another person do what we want or tell them have to do.
This is a never-ending task of management
Without clear and effective management, a business is going to lack:
+ a sense of control and direction
+ coordination between departments, leading to wastage of effect
+ control of employees
+ organization of resources, leading to low output and sales.
Controlling is the action that we want another person do what we want or tell them have to do.
This is a never-ending task of management
Without clear and effective management, a business is going to lack:
+ a sense of control and direction
+ coordination between departments, leading to wastage of effect
+ control of employees
+ organization of resources, leading to low output and sales.
Delegation means giving a subordinate the authority to perform particular tasks. It is very important to remember.
Advantages of delegation for manager:
+ Managers cannot do anything by themselves so by delegation they are helped by the subordinates
+ Managers are less likely to make mistakes if some of the tasks are being performed by their subordinates
+ Managers can see how well the subordinates have done in performing the tasks delegated to them
+ Managers cannot do anything by themselves so by delegation they are helped by the subordinates
+ Managers are less likely to make mistakes if some of the tasks are being performed by their subordinates
+ Managers can see how well the subordinates have done in performing the tasks delegated to them
Advantages of delegation for the subordinates:
+ The work becomes more interesting and rewarding.
+ The employee feels more important and believes
+ Delegation helps to train workers and they can then make process in the organization. It gives them career opportunities
+ The work becomes more interesting and rewarding.
+ The employee feels more important and believes
+ Delegation helps to train workers and they can then make process in the organization. It gives them career opportunities
Why it is important to have good managers?
+ To motivate employees
+ To give guidance and advice to employees they manage
+ To inspire employees they manage to achieve more than they thought possible
+ To keep costs under control
+ To increase profitability of the business
+ To motivate employees
+ To give guidance and advice to employees they manage
+ To inspire employees they manage to achieve more than they thought possible
+ To keep costs under control
+ To increase profitability of the business
#LEADERSHIP#
Leadership styles are the different approaches to dealing with people when in a position of authority - autocratic, democratic or laissez-faire.
Autocratic leadership is where the manager expects to be in charge of the business and to have their orders followed.
Managers : + Make virtually all the decisions and keep information to themselves.
+ They just tell employees only what they need to know
Managers : + Make virtually all the decisions and keep information to themselves.
+ They just tell employees only what they need to know
Democratic leadership gets other employees involved in the decision-making process.
Communication will be both down ward or top-down and upward or bottom-up.
Communication will be both down ward or top-down and upward or bottom-up.
Laissez-faire leadership makes the broad objectives of the business known to employees, but then they are left to make their own decisions and organize their own work.
Communication can be difficult in this type of organization as clear direction will not be given.
Communication can be difficult in this type of organization as clear direction will not be given.